Select a current country ... Abkhazia Abyei Adelie Land Afghanistan African Union (int.) Akrotiri et Dhekelia Aland Albania Alderney Algeria American Samoa Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica (int.) Antigua and Barbuda Argentine Argentine Antarctica Armenia Aruba Ascension Island Ashmore et Cartier Islands Australia Australian Antarctic Territory Australian Indian Ocean Territories Austria Azad Jammu and Kashmir Azerbaijan Azores Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benelux (int.) Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bougainville Bouvet Island Brazil British Antarctic Territory British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cabinda Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canary Islands Caribbean Netherlands Carriacou and Petite Martinique Cayman Islands Central Africa Ceuta and Melilla Chad Chagos Archipelago Chatham Islands Chile Chilean Antarctic Territory China China, Taipei Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos Keeling Islands Colombia Comoros Congo-Brazzaville Congo-Kinshasa Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Corsica Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Curacao Cyprus Czechia Darfur Denmark Diego Garcia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Europe (int.) European Denmark European France European Netherlands European Union Faeroe Islands Falkland Islands Federal Dependencies Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Galapagos Gaza Strip Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Great Britain and Northern Ireland Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guantanamo Bay Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Gulf States (int.) Guyana Haiti Heard Island and MacDonald Islands Holy See Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Independent States India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Isle of Youth Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Japan Jeju Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laccadives Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Madeira Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marie Byrd Land Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Midway Island Minerva Reefs Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mount-Athos Mozambique Myanmar Nakhichevan Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand New Zealand Outlying Islands Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Atlantic Alliance (int.) Northern Cyprus Northern Ireland Northern Mariana Islands North Korea North Macedonia Norway Oecussi-Ambeno Oman Order of Malta Outer Islands of Mauritius Outer Islands of Seychelles Pacific Remote Islands Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Peter the First Island Philippines Pitcairn Henderson Ducie and Oeno Islands Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Queen Maud Land Redonda Reunion Rodrigues Island Romania Ross Dependency Rotuma Russia Rwanda Saint Barthelemy Saint Helena Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Sardinia Sark Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sicily Sierra Leone Singapore Sint Maarten Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Arabia South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Korea South Ossetia-Alania South Pole South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Bahamas The Gambia Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tristan da Cunha Tunisia Turkiye Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine Union State United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Nations (int.) United States Minor Outlying Islands United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Islands of the United States Wallis and Futuna Islands West Bank Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe	20081900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024	05 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec	0801 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

	or select a geographical zone ... WORLD Africa Americas Antarctica Asia Europe Oceania	20081900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024	05 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec	0801 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

2008-MAY-08

Polity Timeline

1900-01-01:

Permanent International League of Peace : LEAGUE OF PEACE

(Geneva)

-   LEAGUE OF PEACE

1944-09-05:

BENELUX Customs Union

(Brussels)

-   BENELUX

1950-05-09:

EUROPEAN Common Market

(Paris)

-   EUROPA

1951-04-18:

European Coal and Steel Community : ECSC

(Paris)

-   ECSC

1952-05-01:

European Council for Nuclear Research : CERN

(Meyrin)

-   CERN

1960-12-01:

European Preoparatory Commission for Space Research : COPERS

(Meyrin)

-   COPERS

1962-06-14:

European Space Research Organisation : ESRO

(Paris)

-   ESRO

1975-05-31:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-   ESA

1960-12-01:

European Preoparatory Commission for Space Research : COPERS

(Meyrin)

-   COPERS

1962-06-14:

European Space Research Organisation : ESRO

(Paris)

-   ESRO

1975-05-31:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-   ESA

2021-05-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-   ESA

2022-10-13:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-   ESA

1960-12-01:

European Preoparatory Commission for Space Research : COPERS

(Meyrin)

-    Edoardo Amaldi (it)          (Edoardo Amaldi (it))

1962-06-14:

European Space Research Organisation : ESRO

(Paris)

-    DG Pierre Auger (fr)          (DG Pierre Victor Auger (fr))

1967-07-01:

European Space Research Organisation : ESRO

(Paris)

-    DG Sir Hermann Bondi (uk)          (DG Sir Hermann Bondi (uk))

1971-04-01:

European Space Research Organisation : ESRO

(Paris)

-    DG Dr Alexander Hocker (de)          (DG Dr Alexander Hocker (de))

1974-06-01:

European Space Research Organisation : ESRO

(Paris)

-    DG Roy Gibson (uk)          (DG Roy Gibson (uk))

1980-06-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-    DG Erik Quistgaard (dk)          (DG Erik Quistgaard (dk))

1984-06-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-    DG Reimar Luest (de)          (DG Reimar Lüst (de))

1990-06-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-    DG Jean-Marie Luton (fr)          (DG Jean-Marie Luton (fr))

1997-06-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-    DG Antonio Rodota (it)          (DG Antonio Rodotà (it))

2003-07-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-    DG Jean-Jacques Dordain (fr)          (DG Jean-Jacques Dordain (fr))

2015-07-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-    DG Johann-Dietrich Woerner (de)          (DG Johann-Dietrich Jan Wörner (de))

2021-03-01:

European Space Agency : ESA

(Paris)

-    DG Josef Aschbacher (at)          (DG Josef Aschbacher (at))

ethnia.org © J.-M. Merklin

UPDATED ON: ~ 2024-JUN-09 ~ .