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1900-JAN-01

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The Exalted Ottoman State : Turkish OTTOMAN Empire
(Constantinople)

The Exalted Ottoman State : Turkish OTTOMAN Empire

Flag or logo since 1900-01-01*
Devlet-i Âliye-i OSMÂNIYYE : دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه (ota) De facto Independent
Emblem or Symbol*

Sultan Abdulhamit II Gazi the Sublime Khan
(ruler of OTTOMAN TURKEY since 1900-01-01)
Capital:Constantinople - (Konstantiniyye)
Official languages: Ottoman Turkish (ota) .

Mainland:


OTTOMAN TURKEY Sublime OTTOMAN State : Turkish Empire  (Constantinople)

8 Mainland Divisions:

ARABIAN IRAQ Region of Ottoman Iraq : Region of ARABIAN IRAQ  (Baghdad)Local: IRAK-ARABI Bölgesi : ایاالت-عربی منطقه (ota) + AL-IRAQ taht al-Hukm al-Uthmany : العراق تحت الحكم العثماني (ar) + IRAQ taht Hakwimt Uthmany : عراق تحت حکومت عثمانی (fa)  (Bağdat)
ARCHIPELAGO Vilayet of THE ARCHIPELAGO : Vilayet of the Islands of the White Sea  (Rhodes)Local: Vilâyet-i CEZAIR-I BAHR-I SEFID : ولايت جزائر بحر سفيد‎ (ota)  (Rodos)
ASIA MINOR Region of ASIA MINOR  (Cotyaeum)Local: KÜÇÜK ASYA Bölgesi : منطقه کوچک آسیا (ota)  (Kütahya)
HEJAZ Vilayet of the HEJAZ  (Mecca + Taif)Local: Vilâyet-i HICAZ : ولاية الحجاز (ota) + Wilayat AL-HIJAZ : ولاية الحجاز (ar)  (Mekke-i-Mükerreme + Taif)
OTTOMAN LEVANT Region of Ottoman Syria : OTTOMAN LEVANT  (Aleppo)Local: OSMANLI ŞAM Bölgesi : سورية في العصر العثماني (ota) + Suria al-Uthmania : SHAM AL-UTHMANIA - سوريا العثمانية (ar)  (Ḥaleb)
RUMELIA Ottoman Region of RUMELIA : European Turkey  (Constantinople)Local: RUMELIA Bölgesi : منطقه رومالیا (ota)  (Konstantiniyye)
SIX PROVINCES Six Armenian Provinces : SIX VILAYETS  (Van)Local: Vilâyat-ı Sitte : ALTI VILAYET - فيلايات-ı سيت (ota)  (Van)
YEMEN Vilayet of YEMEN  (Hodeidah)Local: Vilâyet-i YEMEN : ولايت یمن (ota) + Wilayat AL-YAMAN : ولاية اليمن (ar)  (Hudeyde)


15 Assisted Entities

ACHEH DARUSSALAM ACHEH DARUSSALAM Sultanate [Ottoman Protectorate of the Kingdom of Acheh Abode of Peace]  (Sigli) Sultan Muhammad III Daud Syah Johan Berdaulat
BULGARIA Autonomous Principality of BULGARIA [under Ottoman Suzerainty]  (Sofia) Prince Ferdinand I
CRETE CRETAN State [International Council of the Principality of Crete under Ottoman Suzerainty]  (Chania) King George I
CYPRUS Sanjak of CYPRUS [British Protectorate under nominal Ottoman Suzerainty in the Archipelago Vilayet]  (Nicosia) Queen Victoria
DAR GIMIR DAR GIMIR Sultanate Dependency of Dar Masalit  (Qanatir) Sultan Idris bin Abi Bakr
DAR MASALIT DAR MASALIT Sultanate [under Darfuri Suzerainty]  (Jebeil) Sultan Abbakar bin Ismail
DARFUR Emirate of DARFUR : Sultanate of Dar Fur  (El Fasher) Sultan Ali Dinar bin Zakariya
EGYPT Khediviate of EGYPT [British Occupation under nominal Ottoman Suzerainty]  (Cairo) Khedive Abbas II Hilmi Pasha
MOUNT ATHOS Autonomous State of THE HOLY MOUNTAIN OF ATHOS [under Ottoman Suzerainty]  (Karyes) Patriarch Constantine V
MURRA Emirate of MURRA Tribe in Yemeni Empty Quarter  (Al Murrah) Emir of Al Murrah
NAJRAN Muslim Principality of NAJRAN under Yemeni Suzerainty  (Aba As-Saud) Prince Abd Allah II bin Ali bin Husayn bin Ali
SAMOS Autonomous Principality of SAMOS [under Ottoman Suzerainty]  (Samos City) Prince Konstantinos Vagianis
SENUSSIA British Sphere of Influence of the Independent SENUSSI Sheikhdom of Cyrenaica  (Tayserbo) Sheikh Sidi Muhammad bin Sidi Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Senussi
TRIPOLITANIA Vilayet of TRIPOLITANIA : Tripoli Regency under Ottoman Suzerainty  (Tripoli of Barbary) Hacim Bey
TUNISIA Regency of TUNIS [French Protectorate of the Autonomous Tunisian Regency under nominal Ottoman Suzerainty]  (Tunis) Ali III Muddat bin Al-Husayn Bey


5 Territories:

CHATALJA Mutesarifate of CHATALJA : Autonomous Province of Chatalja  (Chatalja)Local: Mutassarifiyet-i Çatalca - ÇATALCA Mutasarrıflığı : متصرفية چاتالجا (ota)  (Çatalca)
DARDANELLES Autonomous Province of DARDANELLES : Mutesarifate of Bigha  (Hellespont)Local: Mutasarrifiyet-i BIĞA : موتاساريفيت-i بيغا (ota)  (Çanakkale)
JERUSALEM Autonomous Province of JERUSALEM : Mutesarifate of Kuds  (Jerusalem)Local: Kudüs-i Şerif Mutasarrıflığı - Mutasarrifiyet-i KUDÜS : متصرفية القدس الشريف‎ (ota) + Mütesarrifiyat AL-QUDS ash-Sharif : متصرفية القدس الشريف (ar)  (Kudüs)
MOUNT LEBANON Autonomous Province of MOUNT LEBANON : Mutesarifate of Mount Lebanon  (Baabda + Aley + Damour)Local: Mutasarrifiyet-i Cebel-i Lubnan - CEBEL-I LÜBNAN Mutasarrıflığı : متصاريفيت سيبيل-لبنان (ota) + Mütasarrifiyat JABAL LUBNAN : متصرفية جبل لبنان (ar)  (Baabda + Aley + Damour)
NICOMEDIA Mutesarifate of NICOMEDIA : Autonomous Province of Izmid  (Nicomedia)Local: Mutassarifiyet-i İZMID : متصرفية إزميد (ota)  (İzmid)

8 Condominiums:

ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN Condominium of ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN  (Khartoum)Local: Condominium of ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN (en) + AL-SUDAN AL-MUSR YAL-ANGELAZY : السودان المصرى الإنجليزى (ar)  (Khartoum)
BOSNIA Austro-Hungarian administered Joint Imperial Territory of BOSNIA  (Sarajevo)Local: Kondominium BOSNIEN (de) + Társasházi BOSZNIA (hu) + Daire BOSNA : ديرة بوسنا (ota)  (Sarajevo)
HERZEGOVINA Austro-Hungarian Condominium of the Province of HERZEGOVINA  (Mostar)Local: Provinz HERZEGOWINA (de) + Tartomány HERCEGOVINA (hu) + HERSEK Il : هرسك (ota)  (Mostar)
KUWAIT Sheikhdom of KUWAIT [British Protectorate part of the Ottoman Vilayet of Bassorah]  (Kuwait)Local: Kazan-i KUVEYT : منطقة الكويت (ota) + Qada''a AL-KUWAYT : منطقة الكويت (ar) + District of KUWAIT (en)  (Kuveyt)
NOVIPAZAR Sanjak of NOVI PAZAR [Austro-Hungarian Occupation and nominally part of the Ottoman Vilayet of Kosovo]  (Novi Pazar)Local: Sandschak von NOVI PAZAR (de) + Sancağ-ı YENI PAZAR : سانجاك ينيبازار (ota)  (Novi Pazar)
SHEIKH SAID French Colony of SHEIKH SAID Territory  (Sheikh Said)Local: Territoire de CHEIKH-SAÏD (fr) + ŞEYH SAID''IN Eyalet : لشيخ سعيد (ota) + Eradi SHEIKH SAID : أراضي الشيخ سعيد (ar)  (Cheikh Saïd)
SINAI District of SINAI  (Sharm El-Sheikh)Local: Mintaqah SINA : منطقة سيناء (ar) + District of SINAI (en) + SINA Yarımadası : سيناء (ota)  (Sharm El-Sheikh)
THASOS Sanjak of THASOS  (Thasos)Local: Sancak-i TAŞOZ : سانجاك ثاسوس (ota) + Sanjak THASUS : سانجاك ثاسوس (ar)  (Taşoz)


6 Organisations (or Groupings) of membership (selective)


BRUSSELS CONVENTION Convention relative to the Slave Trade and Importation into Africa of Firearms Ammunition and Spiritous Liquors : BRUSSELS CONVENTION  (Brussels)
DANUBE European Commission of the Danube-ECD and International Danube Commission-IDB : DANUBE Commissions  (Galatz)
RED CROSS International Committee of the Red Cross : ICRC  (Geneva)
TELEGRAPH International Telegraph Convention : International Telegraph Union : ITU  (Berne)
UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION Universal Postal Union : UPU  (Berne)
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES International Bureau of Weights and Measures : IBWM  (Sevres)


* The emblems shown for the subdivisions may in some cases be those of their capital.


Other Territories or Entities within the 2021's internationally recognized Country boundaries:

ARTUIN ARTUIN Uyezd  (Artuin)
KARS KARS Oblast  (Kars)
SURMALU SURMALU Uyezd  (Igdir)
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Notes:

   ethnia.org aims to find the countries, territories, governments, administrative divisions and main international organisations that have existed during the 20th century.
   Current depth of investigation: . [red: country considered completed, rose: 1 level yet to complete, white: 2 levels yet to complete]
   For an idea on how was built the site, see the following documentary link of wikipedia [fr] : Modèle:Infobox

 Main Internet Sources

   * Base géographique, Archives nationales d'outre-mer (FR). For the administrative divisions of the former French dependencies.
   * Centennia Historical Atlas Software, ed. Centennia (US). For Europe, North Africa and Middle East historical maps.
   * Drapeaux d'Origine & d'Inspiration Françaises - DO&IF, SFV (FR). For French colonial flags.
   * Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International (US). For languages codes.
   * Flags Of The World - FOTW, Rob Raeside (CA). For the current and historic flags of the world.
   * GeoNames, Geonames (CH). Geographical names database.
   * Google Books, Google (US). Online library used for specific sources.
   * Herald Dick Magazine, Herald Dick (FR). For some current and historic arms.
   * Heraldry of the World, by Ralf Hartemink (NL). For local emblems and arms.
   * L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, by Jacques Leclerc, University of Laval (CA). For national linguistic policies.
   * National Arms and Emblems - Past and Present, by Hubert de Vries (NL). For historic national emblems and arms.
   * Numismondo - World Printed Money Picture Catalog, by Garry Saint, Esquire (US). For national currencies.
   * Omniatlas - Interactive atlas of World History, by Rick Westera (NZ). For some geopolitical maps.
   * Perry-Castañ:eda Library Map Collection, University of Texas at Austin (US). For some historical maps.
   * Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer (NL). For historical regional demographies and areas.
   * Portale Storia, by Giovanni Fontana (IT). For photos of rulers.
   * ReliefWeb, by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). For maps of some administrative divisions.
   * Rulers.org, by Benjamin Schemmel (DE). For photos of rulers.
   * Statoids, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The World Factbook, ed. Central Intelligence Agency (US). For the general data and profiles of the current countries.
   * United Nations Peacekeeping, United Nations (UNO). For the United Nations Missions.
   * Vexilla Mundi, by Mello Luchtenberg (NL). For flags of the world.
   * Vexillographia, by Viktor Lomantsov (RU). For flags of Russia and Soviet Union.
   * Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Foundation (US). Free-use pictures.
   * Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation (US). For general data, maps, sources, pictures.
   * World Heritage Centre, (UNESCO). For the selected photos of the countries.
   * World History at KMLA, by Alexander Ganse (DE). For historical maps and links by country.
   * World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon (US). Main source for the historical polities and their rulers.

 Printed References

   * Atlas des empires and other books of Gérard Chaliand, ed. Payot (FR). General historical geopolitic data.
   * Atlas of the World's Languages, ed. Routledge (UK). Most complete world list of languages and dialects.
   * Flags Through the Ages and Accross the World, by Whitney Smith, ed. McGraw (US). Flags of the world.
   * Fragments d'Europe, by Michel Foucher, ed. Fayard (FR). For the post-Soviet Union polities.
   * L'État du Monde, ed. La Découverte (FR). Yearly geopolitic cover of the world.
   * Quid, by Dominique Frémy, ed. Plon (FR). Yearly encyclopedia that was useful for countries data.
   * Statoids printed version, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The Times Atlas of the World, ed. Times Atlas (UK). Periodical atlas of the world with its supplementary list of administrative subdivisions.
   * World Christian Encyclopedia, by David B. Barrett, ed. Oxford University Press (UK). For world religious groups but also ethnological data. First inspiring source of Ethnia.org website's look.
   * World Paper Money, ed. Krause (US). For historical currencies.

   * others are added according to the consulted entity.

 



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