Congo-Kinshasa 1999-NOV-30

General Internet Sources

   * Base géographique, Archives nationales d'outre-mer (FR). For the administrative divisions of the former French dependencies.
   * Centennia Historical Atlas Software, ed. Centennia (US). For Europe, North Africa and Middle East historical maps.
   * Drapeaux d'Origine & d'Inspiration Françaises - DO&IF, SFV (FR). For French colonial flags.
   * Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International (US). For languages codes.
   * Flags Of The World - FOTW, Rob Raeside (CA). For the current and historic flags of the world.
   * GeoNames, Geonames (CH). Geographical names database.
   * Google Books, Google (US). Online library used for specific sources.
   * Herald Dick Magazine, Herald Dick (FR). For some current and historic arms.
   * Heraldry of the World, by Ralf Hartemink (NL). For local emblems and arms.
   * L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, by Jacques Leclerc, University of Laval (CA). For national linguistic policies.
   * National Arms and Emblems - Past and Present, by Hubert de Vries (NL). For historic national emblems and arms.
   * Numismondo - World Printed Money Picture Catalog, by Garry Saint, Esquire (US). For national currencies.
   * Omniatlas - Interactive atlas of World History, by Rick Westera (NZ). For some geopolitical maps.
   * Perry-Castañ:eda Library Map Collection, University of Texas at Austin (US). For some historical maps.
   * Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer (NL). For historical regional demographies and areas.
   * Portale Storia, by Giovanni Fontana (IT). For photos of rulers.
   * ReliefWeb, by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). For maps of some administrative divisions.
   * Rulers.org, by Benjamin Schemmel (DE). For photos of rulers.
   * Statoids, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The World Factbook, ed. Central Intelligence Agency (US). For the general data and profiles of the current countries.
   * United Nations Peacekeeping, United Nations (UNO). For the United Nations Missions.
   * Vexilla Mundi, by Mello Luchtenberg (NL). For flags of the world.
   * Vexillographia, by Viktor Lomantsov (RU). For flags of Russia and Soviet Union.
   * Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Foundation (US). Free-use pictures.
   * Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation (US). For general data, maps, sources, pictures.
   * World Heritage Centre, (UNESCO). For the selected photos of the countries.
   * World History at KMLA, by Alexander Ganse (DE). For historical maps and links by country.
   * World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon (US). Main source for the historical polities and their rulers.

General Printed References

   * Atlas des empires and other books of Gérard Chaliand, ed. Payot (FR). General historical geopolitic data.
   * Atlas of the World's Languages, ed. Routledge (UK). Most complete world list of languages and dialects.
   * Flags Through the Ages and Accross the World, by Whitney Smith, ed. McGraw (US). Flags of the world.
   * Fragments d'Europe, by Michel Foucher, ed. Fayard (FR). For the post-Soviet Union polities.
   * L'État du Monde, ed. La Découverte (FR). Yearly geopolitic cover of the world.
   * Quid, by Dominique Frémy, ed. Plon (FR). Yearly encyclopedia that was useful for countries data.
   * Statoids printed version, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The Times Atlas of the World, ed. Times Atlas (UK). Periodical atlas of the world with its supplementary list of administrative subdivisions.
   * World Christian Encyclopedia, by David B. Barrett, ed. Oxford University Press (UK). For world religious groups but also ethnological data. First inspiring source of Ethnia.org website's look.
   * World Paper Money, ed. Krause (US). For historical currencies.

    + the other sources are added according to the consulted entity.

Please feel free to send your own informations or suggestions to .

CONGO-IN-EXILE (London)	Republic of CONGO-in-Exile :	President Pascal Lissouba
CONGO-KINSHASA (Kinshasa)	Democratic Republic of the Congo : DRC [United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : DRC-MONUC] :	President Laurent-Desire Kabila
CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE (Brazzaville ^a + Pointe Noire ⁿ)	Republic of the CONGO :	President Denis Sassou-Nguesso
CONGO-KISANGANI (Kisangani)	Rally for Congolese Democracy : RCD :	Ernest Wamba dia Wamba
CONGO-NATIONAL (Isiro)	Rally for Congolese Democracy-NATIONAL :	Roger Lumbala
NORTH CONGO (Gbadolite + Lisala)	Movement for the Liberation of Congo : MLC :	Jean-Pierre Bemba
CONGO-GOMA (Goma)	Rally for Congolese Democracy-GOMA :	Emile Ilunga

	Democratic Republic of the Congo : DRC [United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : DRC-MONUC]
Flag or logo since 1997-05-17*	République démocratique du CONGO (fr) + Democratic Republic of the CONGO (en)^r + Repubilika ya KÔNGO ya Dimokalasi (ktu)ⁿ + Republíki ya KONGÓ Demokratíki (ln)ⁿ + Ditunga dia KONGU wa Mungalaata (lua)ⁿ + Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya KONGO (sw)ⁿ	Emblem or Symbol*





Capitals & administrative places*:	Kinshasa (Kinshasa)
Official & national languages:	*English (en) . French (fr) . Kituba (ktu) . Lingala (ln) . Luba-Lulua (lua) . Swahili (sw) .*	ⁿ national language ^r recognized, diplomatic or working language at national level

1999-NOV-30

Democratic Republic of the Congo : DRC
[United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : DRC-MONUC]

Mainland:

Other Independent or Semi-Independent Polities within the 2023's internationally recognized Country boundaries:

Other Territories or Entities within the 2023's internationally recognized Country boundaries:

UPDATED ON: ~ 2023-APR-27 ~ .

CONGO-KINSHASA UNITED NATIONS

(Kinshasa) - (New York City) -