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1913-FEB-28

French Republic : FR [French Colonial Empire] Federation of FRENCH WEST AFRICA Region of MAURITANIA-SENEGAL French Civil Territory of MAURITANIA
(Paris) (Goree + Dakar)(Saint Louis of Senegal)((Saint Louis of Senegal))

Emirate of ADRAR
[French Protectorate]

Flag or logo since 1909-01-09*
Emirat ADARAR : إميرات آدرار (ar) + Émirat de l´ADRAR (fr)
Emblem or Symbol*

President Raymond Poincare
(ruler of FRANCE since 1913-02-18)
 
 
 
 
Capitals & administrative places*: Atar
(Atar)
Official & national languages: Arabic (ar) . French (fr) .

Mainland:


ADRAR Emirate of ADRAR  (Atar)

2 Divisions:

ADRAR ADRAR Emirate  (Atar)Local: Emirat ADARAR : إميرات آدرار (ar) + Émirat de l´ADRAR (fr)  (Atar)
TIRIS ZEMMUR TIRIS ZEMMUR Zone  (Fort Gouraud)Local: Zone du TIRIS ZEMMOUR (fr) + Mintaqat TIRIS ZUMUR : منطقة تيرس زمور (ar)  (Fort-Gouraud)





* The emblems shown for the subdivisions may in some cases be those of their capital.


Other Territories or Entities within the 2023's internationally recognized Country boundaries:

BRAKNA Emirate of BRAKNA  (Aleg)
HODH Circle of HODH  (Nema)
MAURITANIA French Civil Territory of MAURITANIA  ((Saint Louis of Senegal))
SOUSS Emirate of BRAKNA [rebellion]  (Kerdous)
TAGANIT Emirate of TAGANIT [French Protectorate]  (Tijikja)
TRARZA Emirate of TRARZA [French Protectorate]  (Rosso)
ethnia.org
   
Notes:

   ethnia.org aims to find the countries, territories, governments, administrative divisions and main international organisations that have existed during the 20th century.
   Current depth of investigation: . [red: country considered completed, rose: 1 level yet to complete, white: 2 levels yet to complete]
   For an idea on how was built the site, see the following documentary link of wikipedia [fr] : Modèle:Infobox

 General Internet Sources

   * Base géographique, Archives nationales d'outre-mer (FR). For the administrative divisions of the former French dependencies.
   * Centennia Historical Atlas Software, ed. Centennia (US). For Europe, North Africa and Middle East historical maps.
   * Drapeaux d'Origine & d'Inspiration Françaises - DO&IF, SFV (FR). For French colonial flags.
   * Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International (US). For languages codes.
   * Flags Of The World - FOTW, Rob Raeside (CA). For the current and historic flags of the world.
   * GeoNames, Geonames (CH). Geographical names database.
   * Google Books, Google (US). Online library used for specific sources.
   * Herald Dick Magazine, Herald Dick (FR). For some current and historic arms.
   * Heraldry of the World, by Ralf Hartemink (NL). For local emblems and arms.
   * L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, by Jacques Leclerc, University of Laval (CA). For national linguistic policies.
   * National Arms and Emblems - Past and Present, by Hubert de Vries (NL). For historic national emblems and arms.
   * Numismondo - World Printed Money Picture Catalog, by Garry Saint, Esquire (US). For national currencies.
   * Omniatlas - Interactive atlas of World History, by Rick Westera (NZ). For some geopolitical maps.
   * Perry-Castañ:eda Library Map Collection, University of Texas at Austin (US). For some historical maps.
   * Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer (NL). For historical regional demographies and areas.
   * Portale Storia, by Giovanni Fontana (IT). For photos of rulers.
   * ReliefWeb, by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). For maps of some administrative divisions.
   * Rulers.org, by Benjamin Schemmel (DE). For photos of rulers.
   * Statoids, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The World Factbook, ed. Central Intelligence Agency (US). For the general data and profiles of the current countries.
   * United Nations Peacekeeping, United Nations (UNO). For the United Nations Missions.
   * Vexilla Mundi, by Mello Luchtenberg (NL). For flags of the world.
   * Vexillographia, by Viktor Lomantsov (RU). For flags of Russia and Soviet Union.
   * Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Foundation (US). Free-use pictures.
   * Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation (US). For general data, maps, sources, pictures.
   * World Heritage Centre, (UNESCO). For the selected photos of the countries.
   * World History at KMLA, by Alexander Ganse (DE). For historical maps and links by country.
   * World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon (US). Main source for the historical polities and their rulers.

 General Printed References

   * Atlas des empires and other books of Gérard Chaliand, ed. Payot (FR). General historical geopolitic data.
   * Atlas of the World's Languages, ed. Routledge (UK). Most complete world list of languages and dialects.
   * Flags Through the Ages and Accross the World, by Whitney Smith, ed. McGraw (US). Flags of the world.
   * Fragments d'Europe, by Michel Foucher, ed. Fayard (FR). For the post-Soviet Union polities.
   * L'État du Monde, ed. La Découverte (FR). Yearly geopolitic cover of the world.
   * Quid, by Dominique Frémy, ed. Plon (FR). Yearly encyclopedia that was useful for countries data.
   * Statoids printed version, by Gwillim Law (US). For historical administrative subdivisions.
   * The Times Atlas of the World, ed. Times Atlas (UK). Periodical atlas of the world with its supplementary list of administrative subdivisions.
   * World Christian Encyclopedia, by David B. Barrett, ed. Oxford University Press (UK). For world religious groups but also ethnological data. First inspiring source of Ethnia.org website's look.
   * World Paper Money, ed. Krause (US). For historical currencies.

    + the other sources are added according to the consulted entity.

 



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UPDATED ON: ~ 2023-APR-27 ~ .